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 <title>Share The World&#039;s Resources (STWR) - Agriculture</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/topic/agriculture</link>
 <description></description>
 <language>ja</language>
<item>
 <title>危機から強靭力へ：飢餓と闘うための新しいレシピ</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/information-centre/blog/wei-ji-karaqiang-ren-li-heji-e-todou-utamenoxin-siiresipi</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-blog-image-video field-type-file field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2737&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/3482137991328286a9510cjpg&quot;&gt;34821379913_28286a9510_c.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/34821379913_28286a9510_c.jpg&quot; width=&quot;630&quot; height=&quot;430&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: All rights reserved by Canadian Foodgrains Bank, flickr creative commons&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot; property=&quot;content:encoded&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;まともな栄養価の高い食事は現在、地球上の半分近くの人にとって手の届かないところにあります。飢餓に対処し、各国が必要とする食料を生産する能力を再構築するには、まったく新しいレシピが必要である、とオリヴィエ・デ・シュッター氏は&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ipsnews.net/2023/08/crisis-resilience-need-new-recipe-combat-hunger/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noopener noreferrer&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;IPS news&lt;/a&gt;に書いています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;世界の食料システムの脆弱な状態は岐路に達しています。最近の見出しは、私たちが現在直面している深刻な課題を浮き彫りにしています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;国連は、2019年よりもさらに1億2,200万人もの人々が飢えに陥り、長年の進歩が台無しになっているという&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fao.org/publications/home/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-food-security-and-nutrition-in-the-world/en&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: underline; font-size: 14px;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;厳粛な統計&lt;/a&gt;を発表しました。その1週間後、ロシアは、ウクライナの膨大な穀物生産を国外に出荷することを可能にした重要な協定を終了すると発表しました。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;この協定は、昨年の記録的高値となった食品価格を緩和する上で重要な要素でした。その後、ロシアはウクライナの穀物施設への爆撃を進め、小麦とトウモロコシの価格を高騰させました。同時に、猛暑、燃え盛る森林火災、壊滅的な洪水が世界中で収穫を危険にさらしています。一方、食品業界は何十億ドルもの利益を記録しました。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;これらの出来事は、私たちが食料安全保障に対する深刻なショックと、根底にある慢性的な食料貧困の両方に直面していることを物語っています。これは、産業のグローバル化した食料システムが莫大な利益を生み出しているにもかかわらずです。これらはすべて同じ病いの症状であり、私たちの食料システムに大きな変革が緊急に必要であることを浮き彫りにしています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;おそらく最も懸念すべきは国連の飢餓報告書の2つの統計でしょう。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;第一に、2030年にはほぼ6億人が慢性的な栄養不足に陥る可能性があるという予測です。これは、政府がその日までに飢餓をなくすことを約束した持続可能な開発目標が、緊急の行動がとられない限り全く無効になることを示しています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;第二に、まともな栄養価の高い食事は現在、地球上の半分近くの人にとって手の届かないところにあると判明したことです。人々の可処分所得が減少しているのと同時に、健康的な食事のコストは高騰しています。私たちの食料システムの避難されるべき大きな失敗です。これは世界が十分な食料を生産していないからではありません。世界の農業はかつてないほど多くの&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10440046.2012.695331&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;カロリー&lt;/a&gt;を生産しており、その成長は人口増加を上回っています。産業型食品システムの合理化されたチェーンは、安価で均一なビスケット、ポテトチップス、炭酸飲料を世界中に、さらには最も辺鄙な地域にまで届けるようにうまく調整されています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;むしろ、産業型食料システムは単に本来の役目を果たしていないだけです。人間のニーズを満たすことよりも、市場の需要と利益を優先しています。貧しい地域社会や飢えた人々のニーズよりも、動物飼料、バイオ燃料、加工食品などの商品を大量生産し、最終的には購買力のある裕福な消費者にサービスを提供する方が収益性が高くなります。産業型食料システムは、すべての人に食料へのアクセスと健康的な食事を保証するように構築されているわけではありません。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;したがって、世界保健機関が推奨する1日の最小摂取量目標を満たすのに十分な量の新鮮な果物や野菜が入手できる国に住んでいる人は、&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(19)30095-6/fulltext&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;世界人口の55%&lt;/a&gt;に過ぎません。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;私たちの食料システムは、過去3年間、新型コロナウイルス感染症、気候の影響、紛争など、不運な衝撃に見舞われてきました。しかし、それは悲惨なほど脆弱でもありました。産業型食料システムは、途絶されやすいレイヤーが集中した上に構築されています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;世界中で消費されるカロリーの半分は、わずか3つの主要作物 (小麦、トウモロコシ、米) からなっており、これらの作物は限られた範囲の種子品種から栽培され、少数の国から輸出され、少数の強力な商社によって世界中に輸送されています。これは収益性は高いですが、堅牢ではありません。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;グローバル・サウスの多くの国では記録的に高額の債務が飢餓対策への投資を妨げ、&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ipes-food.org/pages/debtfoodcrisis&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: underline; font-size: 14px;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;悪循環に陥っています&lt;/a&gt;。グローバル・サウス諸国は、自国民のための食料生産を犠牲にして、債務を返済するためにカカオ、コーヒー、綿花などの換金作物の栽培と輸出に特化することを余儀なくされています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;したがって、彼らは食料を輸入する必要がありますが、それははるかに高価になった食料であるため、強靭な地元の食料生産に投資することができません。アフリカは現在、&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.afdb.org/en/the-high-5/feed-africa&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: underline; font-size: 14px;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;食料の純輸入国&lt;/a&gt;であり、2015年に350億ドルであった食料純輸入額は、2025年までに3倍になると予想されています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;政府は間違いなく、野心を高める必要性について同意するでしょう。しかし、私たちが軌道からこのように大きく外れている現在、小さな調整をする期日は過ぎてしまっています。飢餓に対処し、強靭力を高めるには、まったく新しいレシピが必要です。それは、世界市場への依存を打破して適切な栄養を提供し、飢えた人々に食料を供給し、各国が必要とする食料生産能力を再構築することに基づいたものです。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;社会的保護計画は、2000年代にブラジルが展開して同国を飢餓マップから取り除いて成功を収めた「&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789210046411#overview&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: underline; font-size: 14px;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;飢餓ゼロ&lt;/a&gt;」プログラムのような実証済みの政策を用いて、世界の最も貧しい人々に食料へのアクセスを保証しなければなりません。重債務低所得国が飢餓対策や国内食料生産に投資できるようにするためには、その国の緊急債務軽減も重要です。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;さらなる衝撃が予期される気候危機の世界では、システム全体の強靭力が目標でなければなりません。より多様なアグロエコロジー食料生産、より短い食物連鎖、そして自国民のためにより栄養価の高い食料を生産する国々は、あまりにも多くの人が拒否されている食料安全保障を解き放つことができます。産業型食料システムが人々を飢えさせていることを認める時が来ています。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;ですから、最近の憂慮すべき見出しを、別の道である強靭力への道への転換点にしましょう。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;hr /&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;オリヴィエ・デ・シュッター&lt;/strong&gt;氏は、「持続可能な食料システムに関する国際専門家パネル（IPES-Food）」の共同議長であり、極度の貧困と人権に関する国連特別報告者である。&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;br /&gt;
		Original source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ipsnews.net/2023/08/crisis-resilience-need-new-recipe-combat-hunger/&quot;&gt;Inter Press Service&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;em&gt;Image credit: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flickr.com/photos/foodgrainsbank/34821379913/sizes/l/&quot;&gt;All rights reserved by Canadian Foodgrains Bank&lt;/a&gt;, flickr creative commons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-label&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/poverty-and-hunger&quot;&gt;貧困と飢餓&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/inequality&quot;&gt;不平等&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/corporate-power&quot;&gt;コーポレート・パワー&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/finance-and-debt&quot;&gt;財政と債務&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Thu, 10 Aug 2023 03:34:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">2047 at https://sharing.org</guid>
 <comments>https://sharing.org/ja/information-centre/blog/wei-ji-karaqiang-ren-li-heji-e-todou-utamenoxin-siiresipi#comments</comments>
</item>
<item>
 <title>From crisis to resilience: We need a new recipe to combat hunger</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/node/2046</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-blog-image-video field-type-file field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2737--2&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/3482137991328286a9510cjpg&quot;&gt;34821379913_28286a9510_c.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/34821379913_28286a9510_c.jpg&quot; width=&quot;630&quot; height=&quot;430&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: All rights reserved by Canadian Foodgrains Bank, flickr creative commons&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot; property=&quot;content:encoded&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;A decent nutritious diet is now out of reach for nearly half the planet. We need a completely new recipe to address hunger and rebuild countries’ capacity to produce the food they require, writes Olivier De Schutter for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ipsnews.net/2023/08/crisis-resilience-need-new-recipe-combat-hunger/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow noopener noreferrer&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;IPS news&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The fragile state of global food systems has reached a crossroads. Recent headlines underscore the profound challenges we now confront.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The United Nations released &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fao.org/publications/home/fao-flagship-publications/the-state-of-food-security-and-nutrition-in-the-world/en&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;sobering statistics&lt;/a&gt; that 122 million more people are going hungry than in 2019, erasing years of progress. One week later, Russia announced it was ending the crucial deal that allowed Ukraine’s vast grain production to be shipped to the outside world.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This deal was an important factor in alleviating last year’s record high food prices. Russia then proceeded to bomb grain facilities in Ukraine, causing wheat and corn prices to surge. Simultaneously, soaring heat, blazing wildfires, and devastating floods are jeopardising harvests around the world. Meanwhile the food industry has recorded billions in profits.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These events tell us we are facing both acute shocks to food security, and chronic underlying food poverty. Even while the industrial globalised food system generates bountiful profits. These are all symptoms of the same disease – and highlight the urgent need for major changes in our food systems.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Two statistics from the UN’s hunger report are perhaps most concerning.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;First, the projection that almost 600 million people could be chronically undernourished in 2030. This shows that the Sustainable Development Goals – in which governments committed to end hunger by that date – lie in tatters, unless urgent action is taken.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Second, the finding that a decent nutritious diet is now out of reach for nearly half the planet. The cost of a healthy diet has shot up just as people are seeing disposable incomes tumble. What an indictment of our failing food system.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is not because the world does not produce enough food. Global agriculture has never produced so many &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10440046.2012.695331&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;calories&lt;/a&gt; – its growth outpacing population growth. The streamlined chains of the industrial food system are well tuned to deliver cheap and uniform biscuits, crisps and fizzy drinks across the planet, increasingly to even the most remote areas.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Rather, the industrial food system is simply not delivering. It prioritises market demand and profit, over meeting human needs. It is more profitable to produce mass commodities for animal feed, biofuels and processed foods, ultimately serving rich consumers with an ability to pay, rather than the needs of poor communities and hungry populations. The industrial food system is not built to ensure access to food and healthy diets for all.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Hence only about &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanplh/article/PIIS2542-5196(19)30095-6/fulltext&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;55% of people around the globe&lt;/a&gt; live in countries with enough fresh fruits and vegetables available to meet the World Health Organization’s minimum recommended daily consumption target.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Our food system has had some unlucky shocks these last three years – from Covid-19, climate impacts and conflict. But it was also disastrously vulnerable. The industrial food system is built upon layers of concentration which are liable to disruption.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Half the calories consumed around the world come from just three staple crops (wheat, maize and rice), grown from a narrow range of seed varieties, exported from a small number of countries, shipped around the world by a handful of powerful trading firms. This is profitable, but it is not robust.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Record high debts in many Global South countries are also preventing them from investing to combat hunger, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ipes-food.org/pages/debtfoodcrisis&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;trapping them in a vicious cycle&lt;/a&gt;. Global South countries have been forced to specialise in growing and exporting cash crops like cocoa, coffee and cotton in order to pay down debts – at the expense of growing food for their own populations.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;They are thus required to import food – food which is now much more expensive – and unable to invest in resilient local food production. Africa is today a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.afdb.org/en/the-high-5/feed-africa&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;net importer of food&lt;/a&gt; – with net food imports of $35 billion in 2015, expected to triple by 2025.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Governments will no doubt agree on the need to raise ambitions. But when we are so far off course, the time is up for small adjustments. We need a completely new recipe to address hunger and build resilience. Based on breaking dependence on the global market to provide adequate nutrition and feed the hungry, and rebuilding countries’ capacity to produce the food they require.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Social protection schemes must guarantee food access for the world’s poorest – with proven policies like the successful ‘&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789210046411#overview&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Fome Zero&lt;/a&gt;’ programme deployed by Brazil in the 2000s that took the country off the hunger map. Urgent debt relief for heavily indebted low-income countries is also crucial to allow them to invest in anti-hunger schemes and domestic food production.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;In a world of climate crisis in which more shocks are to come, resilience throughout the system must be the goal. More diverse agroecological food production, shorter food chains, and countries producing more nutritious food for their own people can unlock the food security that too many are denied. It’s time we admit the industrial food system is starving people.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;Let these alarming headlines be a turning point to a different road, a route towards resilience.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;hr /&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Olivier De Schutter&lt;/strong&gt; is co-chair of the International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food) and UN special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;Original source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ipsnews.net/2023/08/crisis-resilience-need-new-recipe-combat-hunger/&quot;&gt;Inter Press Service&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;em&gt;Image credit: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flickr.com/photos/foodgrainsbank/34821379913/sizes/l/&quot;&gt;All rights reserved by Canadian Foodgrains Bank&lt;/a&gt;, flickr creative commons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-label&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/poverty-and-hunger&quot;&gt;貧困と飢餓&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/inequality&quot;&gt;不平等&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/corporate-power&quot;&gt;コーポレート・パワー&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/finance-and-debt&quot;&gt;財政と債務&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Wed, 09 Aug 2023 12:01:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">2046 at https://sharing.org</guid>
 <comments>https://sharing.org/ja/node/2046#comments</comments>
</item>
<item>
 <title>Food corporations paid shareholders $53.5bn while millions went hungry</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1983</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-article-image-video field-type-file field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2713&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/1-jean-wimmerlin-iasj7gvihz0-unsplashjpg&quot;&gt;1-jean-wimmerlin-iasj7gvihz0-unsplash.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/1-jean-wimmerlin-iasj7gvihz0-unsplash.jpg&quot; width=&quot;4370&quot; height=&quot;2988&quot; alt=&quot;Image credit: jean wimmerlin, unsplash&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: jean wimmerlin, unsplash&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot; property=&quot;content:encoded&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;Without food sovereignty, private businesses will continue profiteering at the expense of the planet, writes Davi Martins for &lt;a href=&quot;https://progressive.international/wire/2023-04-26-food-corporations-paid-shareholders-53-5bn-while-millions-went-hungry/en?link_id=2&amp;amp;can_id=2e5071fea7fcafb77a758ef91dd98636&amp;amp;source=email-pi-briefing-no-17-labour-makes-our-world&amp;amp;email_referrer=email_1896476&amp;amp;email_subject=pi-briefing-no-17-labour-makes-our-world&quot;&gt;Progressive International&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;hr /&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Imagine being able to provide food, shelter, medicine and clean drinking water for the 230 million most vulnerable people on Earth, and still having a cool $2bn in spare change. That’s the equivalent of the entire economic output of Gambia rattling around in your pocket.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;The reason for this unlikely thought experiment is a &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/58277/food-injustice/&quot;&gt;new analysis&lt;/a&gt; showing that 20 of the world’s biggest food corporations – the largest in the grain, fertiliser, meat and dairy sectors – returned a total of $53.5bn to their shareholders in the last two financial years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;To put that into perspective, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://unocha.org/story/un-launches-record-515-billion-humanitarian-appeal-2023&quot;&gt;UN estimates&lt;/a&gt; that it needs $51.5bn to provide life-saving support to 230 million people deemed most at risk worldwide. You get the idea.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;What’s more, the corporations ‘earned’ these profits during a period of unprecedented turmoil – a &lt;a href=&quot;https://opendemocracy.net/en/tagged/covid-19&quot;&gt;global pandemic&lt;/a&gt; and full-scale &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/tagged/the-war-in-ukraine/&quot;&gt;war in Ukraine&lt;/a&gt; – when global supply chains were disrupted and millions of people went hungry.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;While readers in wealthier countries may have noticed higher prices for the weekly shop, the impact in developing countries has been devastating. Food prices rose by between 3% and 4.5% in the UK, Canada and the US in the first few months of the pandemic – but by 47% in Venezuela.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/global-food-crisis&quot;&gt;World Food Programme estimates&lt;/a&gt; that the number of people facing acute food insecurity more than doubled from 135 million people before the pandemic to 345 million. Countries in the Horn of Africa as well as Afghanistan and Yemen have been particularly badly hit.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;h3&gt;Owning the market&lt;/h3&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;So how were 20 companies able to get their hands on this amount of money amid two major crises?&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;By literally owning the market. The &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/58277/food-injustice/&quot;&gt;new report&lt;/a&gt; from Greenpeace International shows how this small group of companies are able to wield wildly disproportionate control, not only over the supply chains for food itself, but over information about those supplies.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;When supply chains were disrupted and food prices rose, the profits rolled in. Cash dividends and shareholder buyback programmes allowed them to transfer an astronomical amount of money to their shareholders, while further amplifying their power over the sector’s industry and governments.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;A systemic failure of public policy has allowed a select group to record huge profits, enriching the individuals that own and operate them and transferring wealth to shareholders, &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/richest-1-bag-nearly-twice-much-wealth-rest-world-put-together-over-past-two-years&quot;&gt;most of whom are in the Global North&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;Let’s take one example from the report: Russia’s latest invasion of Ukraine last year also resulted in steep price rises for agricultural commodities such as wheat, maize, sunflower oil and some fertilisers, of which Ukraine and Russia are major exporters.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;Just four companies – Archer-Daniels Midland, Bunge, Cargill and Dreyfus – &lt;a href=&quot;https://ipes-food.org/_img/upload/files/AnotherPerfectStorm.pdf&quot;&gt;control up to 90% of the world’s grain trade&lt;/a&gt;. They are under no obligation to disclose what they know about global markets, including their own grain stocks. This lack of transparency means that these companies withhold information that can shape grain prices according to their needs – not even hedge funds can get information except directly from them.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;Our report finds that following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, opacity around the true amounts of grain in storage was a factor in the development of a speculative bubble that led to grain prices rising around the world. In the last two financial years, these four companies paid out a total of $2.7bn in cash dividends, and at least $3.3m in share buybacks, though the true figure is likely much higher because not all of them report on their finances in detail.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;If we want to see a world without hunger, the most impactful structural change we can make to the global food system is to bring about food sovereignty. This means policymakers empowering consumers and food producers through policies that benefit local food production, the environment and workers’ rights.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;For years, &lt;a href=&quot;https://viacampesina.org/en/food-sovereignty-now-depth-guide/&quot;&gt;food sovereignty movements&lt;/a&gt; have sought to return autonomy to food producers, shortening and strengthening supply chains to reverse the damage done by unsustainable farming. It is not just wishful thinking: from Papua New Guinea to Brazil to Mexico and many other countries, there are deep structural movements working to bring food to everyone’s plate.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;But there must also be policies to loosen the grip of corporate control on the global food system – measures such as regulations to ensure greater transparency, an ambitious and sector-wide windfall tax, and significant taxation on dividend payouts as well as on income from dividends.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;Achieving zero hunger is the second of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sdgs.un.org/goals&quot;&gt;Sustainable Development Goals&lt;/a&gt; that UN member states committed to reach by 2030. Recent UN conferences, such as &lt;a href=&quot;https://foodsystemspavilion.com/&quot;&gt;COP27&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbd.int/article/food-2019-12-11-16-49-46&quot;&gt;COP15&lt;/a&gt;, have highlighted industrial agriculture as an important driver of greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;It is time for food to be seen as what it is: a basic human need that has to be available to us all, and not another commodity to be exploited and traded for the profit of the few.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;hr /&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Davi Martins is senior campaign strategist for biodiversity at Greenpeace International.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://progressive.international/wire/2023-04-26-food-corporations-paid-shareholders-53-5bn-while-millions-went-hungry/en?link_id=2&amp;amp;can_id=2e5071fea7fcafb77a758ef91dd98636&amp;amp;source=email-pi-briefing-no-17-labour-makes-our-world&amp;amp;email_referrer=email_1896476&amp;amp;email_subject=pi-briefing-no-17-labour-makes-our-world&quot;&gt;Original source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Image credit: jean wimmerlin, &lt;a href=&quot;https://unsplash.com/photos/iasJ7GvIhz0&quot;&gt;unsplash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-label&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/environment&quot;&gt;環境&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/corporate-power&quot;&gt;コーポレート・パワー&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Fri, 02 Jun 2023 13:01:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1983 at https://sharing.org</guid>
 <comments>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1983#comments</comments>
</item>
<item>
 <title>数百万人が飢えに苦しむ中、食品企業は株主に535億ドルを支払う</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/information-centre/kiji/shu-bai-mo-ren-gaji-eniku-simuzhong-shi-pin-qi-ye-hazhu-zhu-ni535yi</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-article-image-video field-type-file field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2713--2&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/1-jean-wimmerlin-iasj7gvihz0-unsplashjpg&quot;&gt;1-jean-wimmerlin-iasj7gvihz0-unsplash.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/1-jean-wimmerlin-iasj7gvihz0-unsplash.jpg&quot; width=&quot;4370&quot; height=&quot;2988&quot; alt=&quot;Image credit: jean wimmerlin, unsplash&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: jean wimmerlin, unsplash&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot; property=&quot;content:encoded&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;食料主権がなければ、民間企業は地球を犠牲にして暴利を貪り続けるだろう、と&lt;a href=&quot;https://progressive.international/wire/2023-04-26-food-corporations-paid-shareholders-53-5bn-while-millions-went-hungry/en?link_id=2&amp;amp;can_id=2e5071fea7fcafb77a758ef91dd98636&amp;amp;source=email-pi-briefing-no-17-labour-makes-our-world&amp;amp;email_referrer=email_1896476&amp;amp;email_subject=pi-briefing-no-17-labour-makes-our-world&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 20px;&quot;&gt;プログレッシブ・インターナショナル&lt;/a&gt;のデイヴィ・マーティンズは書いています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;hr /&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;地球上で最も脆弱な2億3,000万人の人々に食料、住居、医薬品、清潔な飲み水を提供でき、なおかつ20億ドルもの余剰金が残っていることを想像してみてください。これは、ガンビアの経済生産全体に相当する資金を財布の中で遊ばせているようなものです。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;このありそうもない思考実験の理由は、世界最大の食品企業20社（穀物、肥料、食肉、乳製品部門最大手）が過去2会計年度に株主に総額535億ドルを還元したことを示す新しい&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/58277/food-injustice/&quot;&gt;新しい分析&lt;/a&gt;です。&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;これを大局的に考えると、&lt;a href=&quot;https://unocha.org/story/un-launches-record-515-billion-humanitarian-appeal-2023&quot;&gt;国連は&lt;/a&gt;世界中で最も危険にさらされていると思われる2億3,000万人に救命支援を提供するには515億ドルが必要であると&lt;a href=&quot;https://unocha.org/story/un-launches-record-515-billion-humanitarian-appeal-2023&quot;&gt;見積もっています&lt;/a&gt;。わかりますね。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;さらに、これらの企業は、世界的なパンデミックとウクライナでの全面戦争&lt;a href=&quot;https://opendemocracy.net/en/tagged/covid-19&quot;&gt;世界的なパンデミック&lt;/a&gt;と&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/tagged/the-war-in-ukraine/&quot;&gt;ウクライナでの全面戦争&lt;/a&gt;という前例のない混乱の時期に、世界のサプライチェーンが寸断され、何百万人もの人々が飢えに陥ったときに、これらの利益を「稼いだ」のです。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;富裕国の読者は週に一度の買い出しの価格が上がっていることに気づいたかもしれませんが、発展途上国における影響は壊滅的です。英国、カナダ、米国ではパンデミックの最初の数か月間で食品価格が3%から4.5%上昇しましたが、ベネズエラでは47%上昇しました。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/global-food-crisis&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: underline; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;世界食糧計画は&lt;/a&gt;、深刻な食料不安に直面している人の数が、パンデミック前の1億3,500万人から3億4,500万人へと2倍以上増加したと&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/global-food-crisis&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: underline; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;推定しています&lt;/a&gt;。アフリカの角の国々、アフガニスタン、イエメンは特に大きな被害を受けています。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;h4&gt;所有された市場&lt;/h4&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;では、2つの大きな危機のさなか、20社はどのようにしてこの金額を手に入れることができたのでしょうか?&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;br /&gt;
		文字通り市場を所有することによってです。グリーンピース・インターナショナルの&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/58277/food-injustice/&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;新しい報告書&lt;/a&gt;は、この少数の企業グループが、食料そのもののサプライチェーンだけでなく、それらの供給品に関する情報に対しても、どのようにして極めて不均衡な支配を及ぼすことができるのかを示しています。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;サプライチェーンが寸断され、食品価格が上昇すると、利益が転がり込みました。現金配当と株主買い戻しプログラムにより、彼らは膨大な金額を株主に移転することができ、同時にこのセクターの業界や政府に対する影響力をさらに拡大しました。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;公共政策の体系的な失敗により、選ばれたグループが巨額の利益を記録することを可能にし、そのグループを所有・運営する個人を富ませ、&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/richest-1-bag-nearly-twice-much-wealth-rest-world-put-together-over-past-two-years&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;そのほとんどがグローバル・ノースにいる&lt;/a&gt;株主に富を移転することが可能になりました。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;報告書から一例を挙げてみましょう。昨年のロシアのウクライナ侵攻も、ウクライナとロシアが主要輸出国である小麦、トウモロコシ、ヒマワリ油、一部の肥料などの農産物の価格の急騰をもたらしました。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;アーチャー・ダニエルズ・ミッドランド、ブンゲ、カーギル、ルイ・ドレフュスのわずか4社が、&lt;a href=&quot;https://ipes-food.org/_img/upload/files/AnotherPerfectStorm.pdf&quot;&gt;世界の穀物貿易の最大90%を支配しています&lt;/a&gt;。世界の穀物貿易の最大90%を支配しています。彼らには、自社の穀物在庫を含め、世界市場について知っていることを開示する義務はありません。この透明性の欠如は、これらの企業が自分たちのニーズに応じて穀物価格を形成できる情報を隠していることを意味しており、ヘッジファンドですら彼らから直接でなければ情報を入手することはできません。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;私たちの報告書は、ロシアのウクライナ侵攻後、貯蔵されている穀物の本当の量をめぐる不透明さが、世界中で穀物価格の上昇につながった投機バブルの進展の一因となっていたことを明らかにしました。過去2会計年度で、これら4社は合計27億ドルの現金配当と少なくとも330万ドルの自社株買いを実施しましたが、すべての企業が財務状況を詳細に報告しているわけではないため、実際の数字はおそらくこれをはるかに上回る可能性があります。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;私たちが飢餓のない世界を見たいなら、世界の食料システムに対してできる最も影響力のある構造変革は、食料主権をもたらすことです。これは、政策立案者が地元の食料生産、環境、労働者の権利に利益をもたらす政策を通じて消費者と食料生産者に権限を与えることを意味します。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;長年にわたり、&lt;a href=&quot;https://viacampesina.org/en/food-sovereignty-now-depth-guide/&quot;&gt;食料主権運動&lt;/a&gt;は、持続不可能な農業による被害を逆転させるために、食料生産者に自治権を取り戻させ、サプライチェーンを短縮、強化することを目指してきました。それは単なる希望的観測ではありません：パプアニューギニアからブラジル、メキシコ、その他多くの国に至るまで、すべての人の食卓に食べ物を届けようと取り組んでいる深い構造的な動向があります。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;しかし、世界の食料システムに対する企業の支配力を緩める政策も必要です。透明性の向上を確かにするための規制、セクター全体にわたる野心的な棚ぼた税、配当金や配当収入に対する大幅な課税などの措置が必要です。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;飢餓ゼロの達成は、国連加盟国が2030年までに達成することを約束した&lt;a href=&quot;https://sdgs.un.org/goals&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;持続可能な開発目標&lt;/a&gt;の2番目です。&lt;a href=&quot;https://foodsystemspavilion.com/&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;COP27&lt;/a&gt;や&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cbd.int/article/food-2019-12-11-16-49-46&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;COP15&lt;/a&gt;などの最近の国連会議では、工業型農業が温室効果ガス排出と生物多様性損失の重要な要因であることが強調されています。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;食べ物が、ありのままのものとしてとらえられるべき時です：それは、私たち全員が利用できる人間の基本的なニーズであり、少数の人々の利益のために搾取され、取引されるさらなる商品ではありません。&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;hr /&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;デイヴィ・マーティンス氏は、グリーンピース・インターナショナルの生物多様性担当シニア・キャンペーン・ストラテジストです。&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;br /&gt;
		&lt;a href=&quot;https://progressive.international/wire/2023-04-26-food-corporations-paid-shareholders-53-5bn-while-millions-went-hungry/en?link_id=2&amp;amp;can_id=2e5071fea7fcafb77a758ef91dd98636&amp;amp;source=email-pi-briefing-no-17-labour-makes-our-world&amp;amp;email_referrer=email_1896476&amp;amp;email_subject=pi-briefing-no-17-labour-makes-our-world&quot;&gt;Original source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Image credit: jean wimmerlin, &lt;a href=&quot;https://unsplash.com/photos/iasJ7GvIhz0&quot;&gt;unsplash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-label&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/environment&quot;&gt;環境&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/corporate-power&quot;&gt;コーポレート・パワー&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Fri, 02 Jun 2023 06:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">2013 at https://sharing.org</guid>
 <comments>https://sharing.org/ja/information-centre/kiji/shu-bai-mo-ren-gaji-eniku-simuzhong-shi-pin-qi-ye-hazhu-zhu-ni535yi#comments</comments>
</item>
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 <title>The Water Justice Manifesto</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1967</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-article-image-video field-type-file field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2693&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/2630534125862114421e6cjpg&quot;&gt;26305341258_62114421e6_c.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/26305341258_62114421e6_c.jpg&quot; width=&quot;630&quot; height=&quot;430&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: Some rights reserved by Rh+, flickr creative commons&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot; property=&quot;content:encoded&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;STWR joins the call of social movements at the 2023 UN Water Conference to insist that ‘water justice’ based on human rights is at the centre of policies to solve the global water crisis.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The undersigned organizations, Indigenous Peoples, social movements and water defenders address the United Nations at the 2023 UN Water Conference to amplify the voices of the unheard and insist that the following fundamental issues be placed at the center of water policies at the global, regional, national and subnational levels:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ol&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Access to water and sanitation are fundamental human rights. Water is a common good, and must be accessible to all without discrimination, under public control and not a commodity. Personal and domestic uses of water, including for hygiene, should have the highest priority over productive uses, such as agri-business and industry.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Water policies must prioritize the sustainable management of rivers, lakes, wetlands, springs, and aquifers, guaranteeing their good ecological status, within the framework of the human right to a healthy environment and as key to confronting ongoing crises of pollution, deforestation, desertification, biodiversity loss, and climate change. Governments must ensure that agri-business and industrial users are accountable and responsible for their use of and impact on all natural resources, including water, based on legislation, regulation and enforcement and not rely on voluntary measures.  &lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Indigenous Peoples have distinct and inherent rights, as well as their own knowledge systems to relate to water in a harmonious way, and States must, therefore, recognize their status as collective subjects of rights and respect their territorial rights, their right to self-determination and their right to be consulted to obtain free, prior and informed consent to any project that affects them, and ensure that the management of their livelihoods, including water, is carried out in accordance with their own standards, in compliance with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;States should give due recognition and support to community water and sanitation management practices, as well as to the organizations promoted, among others, by rural communities and Indigenous Peoples, by developing public-community partnerships respectful of their knowledge and traditions.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;In most countries, rural populations and those living in informal urban settlements are the most discriminated against in terms of access to water and sanitation services. It is the obligation of states to make access for these populations their highest priority. International cooperation must prioritize these groups in its actions.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;The active, free, and meaningful participation of “rights holders” in all water policy issues should be recognized, supported and guaranteed, with an emphasis on the substantially equal participation of women, overcoming the marginalization they suffer, despite the fact that they bear the greatest responsibility for and the work of supplying water to their families. Such participation must have the capacity to influence decision making, overcoming false participatory models, which only legitimize decisions taken by societal elites.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;Water and sanitation services must always be guided by human rights, leaving no one behind, including those who, because they live in situations of vulnerability, marginalization or poverty, find it difficult to pay. Privatization, commodification or financialization of water and sanitation services are a risk to the fulfillment of human rights, and should therefore not be considered as policies at the global, national or local level, as well as in international cooperation, which should instead promote public ownership and management, strengthened through public-public and public-community partnerships.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;States must protect and guarantee the rights of workers, as well as decent, fair and equitable working conditions. Access to services in spheres of life outside the home must urgently receive a high level of priority in public policies, including access in public spaces, workplaces, detention centers, schools and health facilities, and marketplaces where traders sell food and other goods in the informal economy.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;To solve the water crisis the current fragile UN multilateral framework must be overcome by moving toward governance that can meet the challenges presented above, establishing an intergovernmental mechanism for regular water and sanitation meetings, and concrete mechanisms for monitoring the commitments made, in which human rights subjects and holders participate   fully, effectively and meaningfully.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As human rights holders and water defenders, often criminalized and persecuted for defending human rights, we demand that the UN prioritize dialogue and collaboration with frontline communities in the implementation of SDG 6 including Indigenous Peoples, peasant communities, those living in informal settlements, populations discriminated against on the basis of gender, descent and class, and all those who still do not have guaranteed access to safe drinking water and sanitation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://framaforms.org/endorse-water-justice-manifesto-suscribe-el-manifiesto-por-la-justicia-hidrica-1677087019&quot;&gt;Endorse the Water Justice Manifesto here!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Original source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blueplanetproject.net/index.php/the-water-justice-manifesto/&quot;&gt;The Blue Planet Project&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;em&gt;Image credit: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flickr.com/photos/yoorock/26305341258/sizes/l/&quot;&gt;Some rights reserved by Rh+&lt;/a&gt;, flickr creative commons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-label&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/poverty-and-hunger&quot;&gt;貧困と飢餓&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/environment&quot;&gt;環境&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 14:53:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1967 at https://sharing.org</guid>
 <comments>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1967#comments</comments>
</item>
<item>
 <title>UN urges global cooperation as quarter of humanity lacks safe drinking water</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1966</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-news-image-video&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2692&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/70740659997354e6b62dcjpg&quot;&gt;7074065999_7354e6b62d_c.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/7074065999_7354e6b62d_c.jpg&quot; width=&quot;630&quot; height=&quot;430&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: Some rights reserved by Oxfam International, flickr creative commons&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;Amid a lack of global cooperation, the world is far off-track in achieving &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;universal access&lt;/a&gt; to clean drinking water by 2030, according to a United Nations report released as officials marked World Water Day, writes Julia Conley for &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.commondreams.org/news/un-report-drinking-water&quot;&gt;Common Dreams&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000384655&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;United Nations World Water Development Report 2023&lt;/a&gt; was released by the U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as global leaders convened in New York for the first international conference on water in nearly half a century.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;With seven years to go until the end of the decade, 26% of the world population lacks access to safe drinking water and 46% don&#039;t have access to basic sanitation, the report found.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The persistent scarcity of potable water is being driven by a rapid increase in water use in recent decades, with usage growing by 1% per year in the last 40 years due to &quot;a combination of population growth, socioeconomic development, and changing consumption patterns,&quot; including within the agriculture industry. Yearly water use growth is expected to continue at this rate until at least 2050.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In some of the most affected areas of the globe, progress on closing the water access gap and meeting this aspect of the U.N.&#039;s sixth Sustainable Development goal would need to quadruple.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&quot;Water is our common future and we need to act together to share it equitably and manage it sustainably,&quot; &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.unesco.org/reports/wwdr/2023/en/home&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;said &lt;/a&gt;Audrey Azoulay, director-general of UNESCO. &quot;As the world convenes for the first major United Nations conference on water in the last half century, we have a responsibility to plot a collective course ensuring water and sanitation for all.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition to water use, UNESCO reported, &quot;the acceleration and spreading of freshwater pollution&quot;—the&lt;a href=&quot;https://apnews.com/article/un-water-sanitation-conference-7a3671dc74f788e36adff9ef9879ed91&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt; biggest source&lt;/a&gt; of which is untreated wastewater—and the climate crisis have helped to make water scarcity &quot;endemic,&quot; particularly in middle- and lower-income countries.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&quot;As a result of climate change, seasonal water scarcity will increase in regions where it is currently abundant—such as Central Africa, East Asia and parts of South America—and worsen in regions where water is already in short supply, such as the Middle East and the Sahel in Africa,&quot; reads the report. &quot;On average, 10% of the global population lives in countries with high or critical water stress.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In a separate news report, Al Jazeera &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/22/world-water-day-mapping-water-stress-across-the-middle-east&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;provided&lt;/a&gt; a visualization of water stress across the Middle East, showing how countries including Algeria, Egypt, and Sudan are &quot;either extracting unsustainably from existing aquifer sources or relying heavily on desalination,&quot; and how rising temperatures, increased demand, and the construction of dams has shrunk a number of lakes across the region.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;The UNESCO report emphasizes that global partnerships and cooperation are crucial to ensuring universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation by 2030, which Richard Connor, editor-in-chief of the report, &lt;a href=&quot;https://apnews.com/article/un-water-sanitation-conference-7a3671dc74f788e36adff9ef9879ed91&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;told &lt;/a&gt;the Associated Press would require an investment of $600 billion to $1 trillion per year.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;At the &lt;a href=&quot;https://sdgs.un.org/conferences/water2023&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;U.N. Water Conference&lt;/a&gt;, taking place from Wednesday through Friday, representatives from dozens of countries and international organizations focused on Indigenous rights, public health, and the climate are expected to speak about the solutions addressed in the report, including:&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;ul&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;The reallocation of water from agriculture to urban centers, which has &quot;become a common strategy to meet freshwater needs in growing cities&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Watershed protection, which can provide biodiversity conservation as well as jobs and training opportunities;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) initiatives such as water operators&#039; partnerships, which &quot;connect established, well-functioning utilities with others that need assistance or guidance&quot;;&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Initiatives that allow the &quot;meaningful&quot; participation of beneficiaries, especially in rural areas; and&lt;/li&gt;
		&lt;li&gt;Coordination between climate and water agendas, with policymakers proactively reaching out to climate stakeholders and vice versa.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;/ul&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&quot;Accelerating action through partnerships and cooperation between water and climate stakeholders can create additional benefits to freshwater ecosystems and to the most exposed and vulnerable people, reducing disaster risks, delivering cost savings, fostering job creation and generating economic opportunities,&quot; reads the report.&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&quot;Safeguarding water, food, and energy security through sustainable water management, providing water supply and sanitation services to all, supporting human health and livelihoods, mitigating the impacts of climate change and extreme events, and sustaining and restoring ecosystems and the valuable services they provide, are all pieces of a great and complex puzzle,&quot; it continues. &quot;Only through partnerships and cooperation can the pieces come together. And everyone has a role to play.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;hr /&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Further resources&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/24/united-nations-water-conference-new-york-pledges?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other&quot;&gt;First global water conference in 50 years yields hundreds of pledges, zero checks &lt;/a&gt;- The Guardian&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;Original source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.commondreams.org/news/un-report-drinking-water&quot;&gt;Common Dreams&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Image credit: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flickr.com/photos/oxfam/7074065999/sizes/o/&quot;&gt;Some rights reserved by Oxfam International&lt;/a&gt;, flickr creative commons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;label-inline&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/poverty-and-hunger&quot;&gt;貧困と飢餓&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/environment&quot;&gt;環境&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Fri, 24 Mar 2023 14:20:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1966 at https://sharing.org</guid>
 <comments>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1966#comments</comments>
</item>
<item>
 <title>4分の3のアフリカ政府が国民の食料より武器に多くを費やしている</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/information-centre/kiji/4fen-no3noahurikazheng-fu-gaguo-min-noshi-liao-yoriwu-qi-niduo-kuwofei</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-article-image-video field-type-file field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2690&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/16386667879797df354e2cjpg&quot;&gt;16386667879_797df354e2_c.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/16386667879_797df354e2_c.jpg&quot; width=&quot;540&quot; height=&quot;369&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: Some rights reserved by Jasmine Halki, flickr creative commons&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot; property=&quot;content:encoded&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;アフリカ政府の4分の3がすでに農業予算を削減している一方で、武器にはほぼ2倍の金額を支払っているというデータは衝撃的です。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;アフリカには、世界全体の農地の4分の1が存在します。それにもかかわらず、アフリカのリーダーたちがアフリカ大陸の食料安全保障を改善すると誓った12か月間で、さらに2,000万人以上の人々が「深刻な飢餓」に追い込まれています。&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;現在、「アフリカの人口の&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;分の&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;（&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;億&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;7,800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;万人）が栄養不足にあり、&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;歳未満の子どものうち&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;5,500&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;万人が重度の栄養失調により発育不全に陥っている」と&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/&quot;&gt;Oxfam International&lt;/a&gt;は報告書：&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/over-20-million-more-people-hungry-africas-year-nutrition&quot;&gt; Over 20 million more people hungry in Africa’s “year of nutrition”&lt;/a&gt;（アフリカの「栄養年」に飢えている人々がさらに2,000万人以上に）で上記のデータに付け加えています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;「アフリカの人々が今日直面している飢餓は、不適切な政治的選択の直接の結果だ…」とオックスファムのアフリカ担当ディレクター、ファティ・ンジ・ハッサン氏は述べました。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;報告書はさらに、農業への慢性的な投資不足が、2022年に起こった広範な飢餓の主な原因であると説明しています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;具体的には、アフリカ政府の大多数（54政府中48政府）は予算の平均3.8%を農業に費やしているのみで、中には1%程度の支出もある、と付け加えています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;「これらの政府の4分の3近くは2019年以来農業支出を削減しており、予算の少なくとも10％を農業に投資するというマラボ・コミットメントを守れていない」&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;2014年、アフリカのリーダーたちは&lt;a href=&quot;https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fau.int%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2F41573-doc-ENGLISH_3rd_CAADP_Biennial_Review_Report_final.pdf&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CNesrine.Aly%40oxfam.org%7C90a47a0bc8fa44ff13da08db08d6eb90%7Cc42c6655bda0417590bab6e48cacd561%7C0%7C0%7C638113491389158644%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=udtAxu1A8lwZh9xoFnqCvryj867nDJjeL7tx1pa7XYE%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0&quot;&gt;マラボ&lt;/a&gt;宣言に署名しました。この宣言では、アフリカ政府は予算の少なくとも10％を農業と農民支援に費やさなければならないと規定されています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;政治家は軍事支出を倍増している&lt;/h4&gt;

&lt;p&gt;対照的に、「アフリカ政府は昨年、その予算のほぼ2倍（6.4％）を武器に費やした。特にサヘルと中央アフリカで続く紛争は、農地を破壊し、人々を強制移動させ、飢餓を煽り続けている」&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;さらに、「気候変動による干ばつや洪水の悪化、燃料や肥料の世界的な価格高騰により、何百万人もの人々が食料を入手できなくなった。 2022年だけでも、アフリカ10か国を除くすべての国で食料インフレが2桁上昇した」&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/african-union-leaders-gather-in-addis-ababa-for-36th-summit/2824352&quot;&gt;第36回アフリカ連合サミット&lt;/a&gt;が2023年2月に開催され、大陸内の自由貿易に焦点が当てられると同時に、「アフリカ大陸の重要な食料生産者である何百万もの小規模農家が、インフラの貧弱さとアフリカ内での関税の高さのため、近隣諸国の市場にアクセスできない」&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;言い換えれば、「多くのアフリカ諸国は、隣国から食料を輸入するよりも大陸外から食料を輸入する方が安いと感じている」ということです。 &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/over-20-million-more-people-hungry-africas-year-nutrition&quot;&gt;Oxfamによると&lt;/a&gt;：&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;2022年8月時点（入手可能な最後の数字）では、アフリカ35カ国の1億3,995万人が「危機、あるいはそれ以上の深刻な食料不安」の中で暮らしている。これは前年の数（1億1,969万人）に比べて17％（2,026万人）増加した。&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;この増加は、2021年から2022年にかけて分析された深刻な食料不安状況の悪化と人口の拡大の両方に起因すると考えられる。（出典: &lt;a href=&quot;https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-food-crises-2022-mid-year-update&quot;&gt; Global Report on Food Crises Mid-Year Update 2022&lt;/a&gt;）。&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmilex.sipri.org%2Fsipri&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CNesrine.Aly%40oxfam.org%7C51aa598c798b4754142e08db062031d9%7Cc42c6655bda0417590bab6e48cacd561%7C0%7C0%7C638110507572067032%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=jHUTmzHbkf7LMD%2FeI02GZrciP8yRtDMq%2Bex4cJ7FdJc%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0&quot;&gt;ストックホルム国際平和研究所&lt;/a&gt;によると、総予算に占める軍事への平均支出の割合は6.43% (2021年) だが、&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.governmentspendingwatch.org/&quot;&gt; GovernmentSpendingWatch&lt;/a&gt;の報告によると、農業への平均支出 (2021 年) は 3.8% だった。&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li&gt;南スーダンの農業予算は1%未満である。アフリカにおけるすべての農業支出の計算は、政府支出監視機関、&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.governmentspendingwatch.org/&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration-line: underline; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;国家予算、FAO&lt;/a&gt;からのデータに基づいている。&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://au.int/en/documents/20220310/3rd-caadp-biennial-review-report&quot;&gt;CAADP報告書&lt;/a&gt;と&lt;a href=&quot;https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fcc3233en%2Fcc3233en.pdf&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CNesrine.Aly%40oxfam.org%7C742e6ee1b9d741e4d93908db0ddf09c0%7Cc42c6655bda0417590bab6e48cacd561%7C0%7C0%7C638119023816829452%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=7AChnJw6W91OPqiJNAz4og8IcWO7c2TcEdmIrJBKkI8%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0&quot;&gt;FAO穀物見通し&lt;/a&gt;報告書によると、2022年のアフリカの穀物生産量は2億740万トンで、過去5年間の平均から340万トン減少した。&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;飢餓が２倍以上に&lt;/h4&gt;

&lt;p class=&quot;p1&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px 0px 20px; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-feature-settings: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal; font-family: &amp;quot;Hiragino Sans&amp;quot;; color: rgb(38, 38, 38);&quot;&gt;アフリカで増大する飢餓は、国内外の両方から強いられたものであり、広範囲にわたる悲劇の一部です。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;実際、気候変動は世界中の何百万人もの人々の飢餓を加速させています。「異常気象は過去50年間で5倍に増加し、家屋を破壊し、生計を破壊し、紛争や避難民を煽り、不平等を深刻化させている」とOxfamは&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/en/take-action/campaigns/climate-hunger&quot;&gt;報告しています&lt;/a&gt;。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;気候変動により、より頻繁かつ激しい干ばつ、洪水、熱波が発生しています。「災害の数は過去50年間で5倍に増加した」&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;オックスファムはさらに、これが最も深刻な打撃を与えているのは低所得国であり、2000年以降、異常気象に関連して国連のアピールが最も多かった10カ国では、極度の飢餓に苦しむ人の数が2130万人から4750万人へと123％増加したと付け加えました。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;これらの国は、アフガニスタン、ブルキナファソ、ジブチ、グアテマラ、ハイチ、ケニア、マダガスカル、ニジェール、ソマリア、ジンバブエです。このデータによると、これら10か国のうち7か国がアフリカです。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;G20諸国は世界で最も汚染の多い国の一つであり、炭素排出量のほぼ77%に対して共同で責任があると、オックスファムは報告しています（オックスファムは、人々を貧困に留める不平等に取り組むことで貧困の不正義を終わらせるために協力している世界的な人々の運動です）。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;人類がこの存亡の危機に直面しているにもかかわらず、命を救うことよりも地球を破壊する動機が依然として強いというのは異常なことです。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;化石燃料の驚異的な利益&lt;/h4&gt;

&lt;p&gt;「石油・ガス産業は、地球に大惨事をもたらしながらも驚異的な利益を享受しており、過去50年間で1日あたり28億米ドル（または年間1兆米ドル以上）を蓄積してきた」&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;世界食糧計画（&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wfp.org/&quot;&gt;WFP&lt;/a&gt;）は、現在の激震的な飢餓危機は、紛争、経済的ショック、極端な気候などの致命的な要因の組み合わせによって引き起こされており、前例のない規模の食料危機を引き起こしていると&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wfp.org/&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;報告しています&lt;/a&gt;。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;「8億2,800万人もの人々が、次の食事がどこから来るのか分からない」ほどです。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;国連WFPは、報告書「&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wfp.org/global-hunger-crisis&quot;&gt;2023: Another year of extreme jeopardy for those struggling to feed their families&lt;/a&gt;（2023年：家族を養うのに必死の人々が、またしても極度の危機にさらされる年）」の中で、79か国の記録的な3億4,900万人が深刻な食料不安に直面しており、2021年の2億8,700万人から増加していると警告しています。これは、新型コロナウイルス感染症パンデミック前のレベルと比較して、2億人という驚異的な増加が含まれています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;世界機関は、世界中で90万人以上の人々が飢餓のような状況で生き残るために戦っていると報告し、これは「5年前の10倍であり、驚くほど急速に増加している」と付け加えました。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;つまり、最も支援が必要とされ、驚異的な飢餓に最もさらされている国々の政治家も、自国民の命を救うための投資よりも、紛争を煽る武器や気候災害を拡大する燃料への支出の重要性を重視し続けているのです。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Original source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ipsnews.net/2023/03/african-govts-3-4-spend-arms-less-farms/&quot;&gt;Inter Press Service&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Image credit: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flickr.com/photos/120420083@N05/16386667879/sizes/l/&quot;&gt;Some rights reserved by Jasmine Halki&lt;/a&gt;, flickr creative commons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-label&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/poverty-and-hunger&quot;&gt;貧困と飢餓&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/environment&quot;&gt;環境&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/war-and-conflict&quot;&gt;戦争と紛争&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Thu, 16 Mar 2023 20:42:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1990 at https://sharing.org</guid>
 <comments>https://sharing.org/ja/information-centre/kiji/4fen-no3noahurikazheng-fu-gaguo-min-noshi-liao-yoriwu-qi-niduo-kuwofei#comments</comments>
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 <title>Most African governments (3 in 4) spend more on arms than feeding their people</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1963</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-article-image-video field-type-file field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2690--2&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-jpeg&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/16386667879797df354e2cjpg&quot;&gt;16386667879_797df354e2_c.jpg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/16386667879_797df354e2_c.jpg&quot; width=&quot;540&quot; height=&quot;369&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: Some rights reserved by Jasmine Halki, flickr creative commons&quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot; property=&quot;content:encoded&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;The data is shocking: three-quarters of African Governments have already reduced their agricultural budgets while paying almost double that on arms.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Africa is home to a quarter of the world’s entire agricultural land. Nevertheless, in the 12 months that African leaders vowed to improve food security in the continent, over 20 million more people have been pushed into “severe hunger.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Today “a fifth of the African population (or 278 million) is undernourished, and 55 million of its children under the age of five are stunted due to severe malnutrition,”&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/&quot;&gt; Oxfam International&lt;/a&gt; adds to the above data in its report:&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/over-20-million-more-people-hungry-africas-year-nutrition&quot;&gt; Over 20 million more people hungry in Africa’s “year of nutrition”&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“The hunger African people are facing today is a direct result of inadequate political choices…,” said Fati N’Zi-Hassane, Oxfam in Africa Director.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The report further explains that chronic underinvestment in agriculture is a key cause of the widespread hunger experienced in 2022.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Specifically, it adds, the majority of African governments (48 out of 54) reportedly spend an average of 3.8% of their budgets on agriculture -some spending as little as 1%.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“Nearly three quarters of these governments have reduced their agricultural spending since 2019, failing to honour their Malabo commitments to invest at least 10% of their budget on agriculture.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In 2014 African leaders signed the&lt;a href=&quot;https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fau.int%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2F41573-doc-ENGLISH_3rd_CAADP_Biennial_Review_Report_final.pdf&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CNesrine.Aly%40oxfam.org%7C90a47a0bc8fa44ff13da08db08d6eb90%7Cc42c6655bda0417590bab6e48cacd561%7C0%7C0%7C638113491389158644%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=udtAxu1A8lwZh9xoFnqCvryj867nDJjeL7tx1pa7XYE%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0&quot;&gt; Malabo&lt;/a&gt; Declaration, which stipulated that African governments must spend at least 10% of their budget on Agriculture and supporting farmers.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Politicians doubling military spending&lt;/h4&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In contrast, “African governments spent nearly double that budget (6.4%) on arms last year. Ongoing conflict, especially in Sahel and Central Africa, has continued to destroy farmland, displace people and fuel hunger.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In addition, “worsening climate-fuelled droughts and floods, and a global rise in fuel and fertilisers prices, made food unobtainable for millions of people. In 2022 alone, food inflation rose by double digits in all but ten African countries.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;As the&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/african-union-leaders-gather-in-addis-ababa-for-36th-summit/2824352&quot;&gt; 36th African Union Summit&lt;/a&gt; was held in February 2023, focussing on intra-continental free trade, “millions of smallholder farmers, who are vital food producers in the continent, cannot reach markets in neighbouring countries due to poor infrastructure and high intra-African tariffs.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In other words, “many African nations find it cheaper to import food from outside the continent than from their next-door neighbour.”&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/en/press-releases/over-20-million-more-people-hungry-africas-year-nutrition&quot;&gt;According to Oxfam&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;ul&gt;
	&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot;&gt;As of August 2022 (the last available figure), there were 139.95 million people in 35 African countries living in “Crisis or worse acute food insecurity.” That is an increase of 17% (20.26 million people) over the same number a year earlier (119.69 million people).&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot;&gt;This increase can be attributed to both a worsening acute food insecurity situation and an expansion in the population analysed between 2021 and 2022. (Source:&lt;a href=&quot;https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-report-food-crises-2022-mid-year-update&quot;&gt; Global Report on Food Crises Mid-Year Update 2022&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot;&gt;The average spending on military as share of total budget is 6.43% (2021) as reported at&lt;a href=&quot;https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmilex.sipri.org%2Fsipri&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CNesrine.Aly%40oxfam.org%7C51aa598c798b4754142e08db062031d9%7Cc42c6655bda0417590bab6e48cacd561%7C0%7C0%7C638110507572067032%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=jHUTmzHbkf7LMD%2FeI02GZrciP8yRtDMq%2Bex4cJ7FdJc%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0&quot;&gt; Stockholm International Peace Research Institute&lt;/a&gt;, while the average spending in agriculture (2021) was 3.8% as reported on&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.governmentspendingwatch.org/&quot;&gt; GovernmentSpendingWatch&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot;&gt;South Sudan spends less than 1% of its budget on Agriculture. Calculations of all agricultural spending in Africa is based on data from the government spending watch,&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.governmentspendingwatch.org/&quot;&gt; national budgets and FAO&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;
	&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot;&gt;According to the&lt;a href=&quot;https://au.int/en/documents/20220310/3rd-caadp-biennial-review-report&quot;&gt; CAADP report&lt;/a&gt; and the&lt;a href=&quot;https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fcc3233en%2Fcc3233en.pdf&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CNesrine.Aly%40oxfam.org%7C742e6ee1b9d741e4d93908db0ddf09c0%7Cc42c6655bda0417590bab6e48cacd561%7C0%7C0%7C638119023816829452%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=7AChnJw6W91OPqiJNAz4og8IcWO7c2TcEdmIrJBKkI8%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0&quot;&gt; FAO Crop Prospects&lt;/a&gt; report, Africa’s cereal production in 2022 was 207.4 million tons, a decline of 3.4 million tons from the average of the previous five years.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Hunger more than doubling&lt;/h4&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The increasing hunger in Africa –which is imposed by both externally and internally– is just part of a widespread drama.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In fact, climate change is fuelling hunger for millions of people around the world. “Extreme weather events have increased five-fold over the past 50 years, destroying homes, decimating livelihoods, fuelling conflict and displacement, and deepening inequality,” Oxfam&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.oxfam.org/en/take-action/campaigns/climate-hunger&quot;&gt; reports&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Climate change has resulted in more frequent and intense droughts, floods, and heat waves. “The number of disasters has increased five-fold over the past 50 years.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This is hitting low-income countries hardest, Oxfam goes on, adding that the 10 countries with the highest UN appeals related to weather extremes since 2000, have seen a 123% rise in the number of people suffering extreme hunger -from 21.3 million to 47.5 million.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;These countries are Afghanistan, Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Guatemala, Haiti, Kenya, Madagascar, Niger, Somalia and Zimbabwe. According to this data, 7 out of these 10 countries are Africans.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The G20 countries are amongst the most polluting nations in the world, collectively responsible for nearly 77% of carbon emissions, reports Oxfam, a global movement of people, working together to end the injustice of poverty, by tackling the inequality that keeps people poor.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;It is extraordinary that as humanity faces this existential crisis, there is still more incentive to destroy our planet than to save lives.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;h4&gt;Fossil fuel staggering profits&lt;/h4&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“The oil and gas industry has enjoyed staggering profits as they wreak havoc on the planet – amassing 2.8 billion US dollars a day (or more than 1 trillion US dollars per year) for the last 50 years.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;For its part, the World Food Programme (&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wfp.org/&quot;&gt;WFP&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wfp.org/global-hunger-crisis&quot;&gt; reports&lt;/a&gt; that the current seismic hunger crisis has been caused by a deadly combination of factors: conflict, economic shocks, climate extremes are combining to create a food crisis of unprecedented proportions.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Much so that “as many as 828 million people are unsure of where their next meal is coming from.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In its report ‘&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wfp.org/global-hunger-crisis&quot;&gt;2023: Another year of extreme jeopardy for those struggling to feed their families&lt;/a&gt;,’ WFP warns that a record 349 million people across 79 countries are facing acute food insecurity – up from 287 million in 2021. This constitutes a staggering rise of 200 million people compared to pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More than 900,000 people worldwide are fighting to survive in famine-like conditions, the world body reports, adding that this is “ten times more than five years ago, an alarmingly rapid increase.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;In short, politicians also in the most needed and highest exposed to staggering hunger countries, continue to attach higher relevance to spending on arms fueling conflicts, and on fuel fuels spreading climate disasters, rather than investing in saving the lives of their own people.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Original source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ipsnews.net/2023/03/african-govts-3-4-spend-arms-less-farms/&quot;&gt;Inter Press Service&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Image credit: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.flickr.com/photos/120420083@N05/16386667879/sizes/l/&quot;&gt;Some rights reserved by Jasmine Halki&lt;/a&gt;, flickr creative commons&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-label&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/poverty-and-hunger&quot;&gt;貧困と飢餓&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/environment&quot;&gt;環境&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/war-and-conflict&quot;&gt;戦争と紛争&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Thu, 16 Mar 2023 11:25:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1963 at https://sharing.org</guid>
 <comments>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1963#comments</comments>
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 <title>Unchecked, unregulated, unaccountable: how big agribusiness corporations get rich amid crisis</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1958</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-pub-image-video field-type-file field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2683&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-png&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/de5fee8e-food-injustice-2020-2022png&quot;&gt;de5fee8e-food-injustice-2020-2022.png&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/de5fee8e-food-injustice-2020-2022.png&quot; width=&quot;612&quot; height=&quot;419&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: Greenpeace / Daniel Beltrá &quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot; property=&quot;content:encoded&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;The world’s biggest agribusiness corporations made more in billion-dollar profits since 2020 than the amount that the UN estimates could cover the basic needs of the world’s most vulnerable, a new report by &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/58426/food-security-agribusiness-rich-crisis/&quot;&gt;Greenpeace&lt;/a&gt; has found, exposing rampant profiteering from the war in Ukraine and the coronavirus pandemic.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The 20 corporations – the biggest in the sectors of grain, fertiliser, meat and dairy – delivered $53.5 billion to shareholders in the financial years 2020 and 2021, while the UN estimates a smaller figure, $51.5 billion, would be enough to provide food, shelter and lifesaving support for the world’s 230 million most vulnerable people.[1]&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Davi Martins, campaigner at Greenpeace International, said:&lt;/strong&gt; “What we are witnessing is an enormous transfer of wealth to a few rich families that basically own the global food system, at a time when the majority of the world population is struggling to make ends meet. These 20 companies could literally save the world’s 230 million most vulnerable people and have billions of profit left over in spare change. Paying more to shareholders of a few food corporations is just outrageous and immoral.” &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Greenpeace International commissioned research to analyse the profits of 20 agribusiness corporations across the globe during 2020 – 2022, the period of Covid-19 and since Russia invaded Ukraine – while looking into how many people have been affected by food insecurity and the extreme rise of food prices across the globe over the same period of time.[2] The key findings showcase how big agricultural corporations exploited these crises to gain grotesque profits, plunging millions more into hunger, and tightening their grip on the global food system, only to pay outrageous amounts of money to their owners and shareholders.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Davi Martins added:&lt;/strong&gt; “Just four companies – Archer-Daniels Midland, Cargill, Bunge and Dreyfus – control more than 70% of the world’s grain trade, but they are under no obligation to disclose what they know about global markets, including their own grain stocks. Greenpeace found that lack of transparency around the true amounts of grain in storage following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine was a key factor fuelling speculation on food markets and inflated prices.[3]&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;“These corporations are so greedy they have pushed small scale farmers and local producers, whose purpose is to actually feed people, out of the system. Governments and policy makers need to act now to protect people from the abuses wrought by large corporations. We need policies that regulate and loosen the grip of corporate control on the global food system, or the current inequities will only deepen further. Essentially, we need to change the food system. Failure to do so is costing millions of lives.”&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Greenpeace supports a shift to a model of food sovereignty, a collaborative and socially just food system, where communities have control and power over how it’s shaped; governments at international, national, and local level, all have key roles to play to eventually put an end on corporate control and monopoly in the food system. It is incumbent on governments and policy makers to take measures and adopt policies that ensure transparency and tighter regulation on the sector’s operations. &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;Notes&lt;/h4&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/58277/food-injustice/&quot;&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;[1] According to the 2023 Global Humanitarian overview, the &lt;a href=&quot;https://unocha.org/story/un-launches-record-515-billion-humanitarian-appeal-2023&quot; target=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;This link will lead you to unocha.org&quot;&gt;estimated cost of the humanitarian response going into 2023 is US$51.5 billion&lt;/a&gt;, a 25% increase compared to the beginning of 2022. This amount can save and support the lives of a combined 230 million people worldwide.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;[2] The 20 companies comprising Greenpeace International research focus are Archer-Daniels Midland, Bunge Ltd, Cargill Inc., Louis Dreyfus Company, COFCO Group, Nutrien Ltd, Yara International ASA, CF Industries Holdings Inc, The Mosaic Company, JBS S.A., Tyson Foods, WH Group/Smithfield Foods, Marfrig Global Foods, BRF S.A., NH Foods Ltd, Lactalis, Nestlé, Danone, Dairy Farmers of America, Yili Industrial Group&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;[3] &lt;a href=&quot;https://ipes-food.org/_img/upload/files/AnotherPerfectStorm.pdf&quot; title=&quot;This link will open a PDF file&quot;&gt;IPES report, Another Perfect Storm?,&lt;/a&gt; identifies four companies that control 70% of the world’s grain trade&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Original source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/58426/food-security-agribusiness-rich-crisis/&quot;&gt;Greenpeace&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/greenpeacepress&quot; target=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;This link will lead you to twitter.com&quot;&gt;@greenpeacepress&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Image credit: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-international-stateless/2023/02/de5fee8e-food-injustice-2020-2022.png&amp;amp;imgrefurl=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/58277/food-injustice/&amp;amp;tbnid=-S6ylTactnXKUM&amp;amp;vet=1&amp;amp;docid=3VhFb2rG_DIPwM&amp;amp;w=754&amp;amp;h=537&amp;amp;itg=1&amp;amp;source=sh/x/im&quot;&gt;Daniel Beltrá&lt;/a&gt; / Greenpeace&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-label&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/poverty-and-hunger&quot;&gt;貧困と飢餓&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/corporate-power&quot;&gt;コーポレート・パワー&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Tue, 28 Feb 2023 12:19:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">1958 at https://sharing.org</guid>
 <comments>https://sharing.org/ja/node/1958#comments</comments>
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<item>
 <title>抑制されず、規制されず、説明責任もない: 危機の中で大規模なアグリビジネス企業がどのようにして富を得ているのか</title>
 <link>https://sharing.org/ja/information-centre/report/yi-zhi-sarezugui-zhi-sarezushuo-ming-ze-ren-monai-wei-ji-nozhong-deda-gui</link>
 <description>&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-pub-image-video field-type-file field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;file-2683--2&quot; class=&quot;file file-image file-image-png&quot;&gt;

        &lt;h2 class=&quot;element-invisible&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/file/de5fee8e-food-injustice-2020-2022png&quot;&gt;de5fee8e-food-injustice-2020-2022.png&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
    
  
  &lt;div class=&quot;content&quot;&gt;
    &lt;img typeof=&quot;foaf:Image&quot; class=&quot;img-responsive&quot; src=&quot;https://sharing.org/sites/default/files/de5fee8e-food-injustice-2020-2022.png&quot; width=&quot;612&quot; height=&quot;419&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;Image credit: Greenpeace / Daniel Beltrá &quot; /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

  
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot; property=&quot;content:encoded&quot;&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;intro-paragraph&quot;&gt;世界最大のアグリビジネス企業は、2020年以降、世界で最も弱い立場にある人々の基本的ニーズを充足できると国連が見積もっている金額を超える数十億ドルの利益をあげていたことが、&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/58426/food-security-agribusiness-rich-crisis/&quot;&gt;Greenpeace&lt;/a&gt;の新たな報告書は明らかにし、ウクライナ戦争と新型コロナウイルス・パンデミックを利用しての暴利行為の横行を暴露しています。 &lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;穀物、肥料、食肉および乳製品セクターにおける最大手20社は、2020年と2021年の会計年度に株主に535億ドルを給与しましたが、国連はそれよりも少ない額の515億ドルで食料と住居と救命支援を世界で最も弱い立場にある2億3,000万人の人々に提供するのに十分であると見積もっています。[1]&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;strong&gt;グリーンピース・インターナショナルの活動家デイヴィ・マーティンス氏は次のように述べました：&lt;/strong&gt;「世界人口の大多数が生活のやりくりに苦労しているこのとき、私たちが目撃しているのは、基本的に世界の食料システムを所有する少数の裕福な一族への巨額の富の移転である。これら20社は文字通り、世界で最も弱い立場にある2億3,000万人の人々を救うことができ、そうしても数十億ドルの利益をおつりとして残すことができるだろう。一握りの食品会社の株主にさらに多くのお金を支払うことは、まったく法外で不道徳だ」&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;グリーンピース・インターナショナルは、新型コロナウイルス感染症パンデミックの期間とロシアのウクライナ侵攻以降の2020年から2022年にかけての世界中のアグリビジネス企業20社の利益を分析する調査を委託し、同じ期間における世界の食料不安と食料価格の極端な高騰によってどれだけの人が影響を受けているかを調べました。[2] 主要な調査結果は、大手農業企業がどのようにこれらの危機を悪用して巨利を獲得し、さらに数百万人を飢餓に陥れ、世界の食料システムへの支配力を強めた結果、所有者や株主に法外な金額を支払ったかを明らかにしています。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;デイヴィ・マーティンス氏はさらに次のように付け加えました&lt;/strong&gt;：「アーチャー・ダニエルズ・ミッドランド、カーギル、ブンゲ、ルイ・ドレフュスのわずか4社が世界の穀物取引の70％以上を支配しているが、自社の穀物在庫を含め、世界市場について知っていることを開示する義務はない。グリーンピースは、ロシアのウクライナ侵攻後に貯蔵されている穀物の本当の量に関する透明性の欠如が、食料市場への投機と価格のつり上げを煽る主な要因であることを発見した[3]。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;「これらの企業は非常に貪欲で、実際に人々に食事を与えることを目的としている小規模農家や地元生産者をシステムから追い出した。政府と政策立案者は、大企業による乱用から人々を守るために今すぐ行動する必要がある。世界の食料システムに対する企業の支配力を規制し、緩和する政策が必要だ。さもなければ、現在の不平等はさらに深まるばかりだ。本質的に、私たちは食料システムを変える必要がある。そうしなければ何百万もの命が失われることになる」&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;グリーンピースは、食料主権モデル、つまり共同体の社会的に公正な食料システム、地域社会がその形成の仕方についてコントロールと権限を持つモデルへの移行を支持しています；国際、国家、地方レベルで政府はいずれも、食料システムにおける企業の支配と独占に最終的に終止符を打つために重要な役割を担っています。政府や政策立案者には、このセクターの運営に対する透明性と規制の強化を確保するための措置を講じ、政策を採用する義務があります。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;h4&gt;注釈&lt;/h4&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/58277/food-injustice/&quot;&gt;Read the full report&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;[1] 2023 Global Humanitarian overviewによると、&lt;a href=&quot;https://unocha.org/story/un-launches-record-515-billion-humanitarian-appeal-2023&quot; target=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;This link will lead you to unocha.org&quot;&gt;2023年にかかる人道対応の推定コストは515億米ドル&lt;/a&gt;で、2022年初頭と比較して25%増加している。この額は世界中で合わせて2億3,000万人の命を救い、支援することができる。&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;[2] グリーンピース・インターナショナルの調査対象を構成する20社は、アーチャー・ダニエルズ・ミッドランド、ブンゲ、カーギル、ルイ・ドレフュス、COFCO Group、Nutrien Ltd、Yara International ASA、CF Industries Holdings Inc、The Mosaic Company、JBS S.A.、 Tyson Foods、WH Group/Smithfield Foods、Marfrig Global Foods、BRF S.A.、NH Foods Ltd、Lactalis、ネスレ、ダノン、デイリー・ファーマーズ・オブ・アメリカ、Yili Industrial Group&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;[3] &lt;a href=&quot;https://ipes-food.org/_img/upload/files/AnotherPerfectStorm.pdf&quot; title=&quot;This link will open a PDF file&quot;&gt;IPES報告書「Another Perfect Storm?」&lt;/a&gt;は、世界の穀物取引の70%を支配している4社を特定している&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;div&gt;
	&lt;p&gt;Original source: &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/58426/food-security-agribusiness-rich-crisis/&quot;&gt;Greenpeace&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https://twitter.com/greenpeacepress&quot; target=&quot;&quot; title=&quot;This link will lead you to twitter.com&quot;&gt;@greenpeacepress&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

	&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Image credit: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-international-stateless/2023/02/de5fee8e-food-injustice-2020-2022.png&amp;amp;imgrefurl=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/publication/58277/food-injustice/&amp;amp;tbnid=-S6ylTactnXKUM&amp;amp;vet=1&amp;amp;docid=3VhFb2rG_DIPwM&amp;amp;w=754&amp;amp;h=537&amp;amp;itg=1&amp;amp;source=sh/x/im&quot;&gt;Daniel Beltrá&lt;/a&gt; / Greenpeace&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field field-name-field-topics field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-inline clearfix&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-label&quot;&gt;Filed under:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-items&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;field-item even&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/poverty-and-hunger&quot;&gt;貧困と飢餓&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/agriculture&quot;&gt;農業&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;/ja/topic/corporate-power&quot;&gt;コーポレート・パワー&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description>
 <pubDate>Tue, 28 Feb 2023 08:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
 <dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
 <guid isPermaLink="false">2053 at https://sharing.org</guid>
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